Ecological theory and observational evidence suggest that symbiotic interactions such as cleaning symbioses can shift from mutualism to parasitism. However, field experimental evidence documenting ...

Pollination, predation, parasitism, symbiosis, biological interactions between species are incessant and essential to nature. They are even at the origin of the incredible biodiversity of our planet.

A new study on the coexistence of bacteria and fungi shows that a mutually beneficial, functioning symbiosis can be very fragile. Researchers at the Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and ...