Ladder logic uses switch or relay contacts to implement Boolean expressions. In years past, ladder logic was made possible with discrete relays and was sometimes termed “relay logic.” Today most ...

Designers of digital systems are familiar with implementing the 'leftovers' of their digital design by using FPGAs and CPLDs to glue together various processors, memories, and standard function ...

When I was an engineering student, I was fascinated about such subjects as Analog electronics, Logic Design, Microcontrollers etc.I loved the time I spent in my college laboratories, but unfortunately ...

A central goal of synthetic biology is to create cellular networks that integrate input signals for decision making and actuation 1. In recent years, artificial logic gates 2,3,4 and memory devices ...

Absolute encoders using optical technology often face limitations in resolution and size. For example, to achieve a higher resolution of up to 16-bits, the absolute encoder has to be combined with an ...