Abstract: Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) has attracted continuous attention in recent decades, but its confined workspace restricts the dexterity and manipulability of ...
Objective: To compare the clinical efficacy of one-hole split endoscopy (OSE) and unilateral biportal endoscopy (UBE) fusion surgery for degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis (DLS). Methods: A ...
The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon. Background: This study aimed to determine the impact of discectomy on back pain and to identify the factors associated with back ...
Abstract: Endoscopic imaging has become an indispensable tool in modern medical practice, enabling minimally invasive diagnosis and treatment. A crucial aspect of endoscopic procedures is the accurate ...
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